Python: Modules and Packages
In Python, a file containing statements and definitions is referred as a module.
All the methods and variables defined in a Python module can be imported and accessed from another modules.
Let us create a module for performing the math.py
.
# Python Module example
def add(a, b):
return a + b
def subtract(a, b):
return a - b
def multiply(a, b):
return a * b
Here, we have defined three functions inside the math
module.
How to Import a Module in Python?
To import a module you need to use import
statement
import math
sum = math.add(5, 10)
print("Sum is:", sum)
sum = math.subtract(15, 10)
print("Sub is:", sum)
Output:
Sum is: 15
Sub is: 5
You can also import the module by renaming as follows:
import math as m
sum = m.add(5, 10)
print("Sum is:", sum)
sum = m.subtract(15, 10)
print("Sub is:", sum)
Notice that in the above example, we have imported the entire module. Let's say you only wanted a specific function inside the module. We can do that too, like so:
from math import add
from math import subtract
sum = add(5, 10)
print("Sum is:", sum)
sub = subtract(15, 10)
print("Sub is:", sub)
Python Built-in Modules
Python has many built-in modules, and we've already used one extensively in this class, namely the math
module.
Here are some other popular useful built-in modules that might be familiar to you:
array | copy | html | http |
fileinput | io | json | |
gc | gzip | ipaddress | numbers |
pip | pipes | random | ssl |
string | symbol | sys | time |
Definitely check out the documentation for these modules if you're curious about what functionality any of them offer!
References
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